86 grants and tax reliefs available to people and businesses covered by Carmarthenshire County Council, including national and Wales-wide schemes.
Department for Work and Pensions
Grant funding practical, workplace-based support for disabled people and those with a long-term health condition — e.g. specialist equipment, a support worker or job coach, BSL interpreters, travel costs, or mental health support — to help them start, stay in, or move into work in England, Scotland or Wales.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets a business deduct the full cost of qualifying plant and machinery — up to £1 million a year — from taxable profits in the year it's bought, rather than spreading the relief out over several years. Available to sole traders, partnerships, and companies alike, though some rules apply where connected businesses share the same allowance.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
Tax-free weekly benefit for people who have reached State Pension age and need help with personal care or supervision because of a physical or mental disability or illness, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
HM Revenue & Customs
Corporation Tax expenditure credit for UK film, high-end TV, children's TV, and animation production costs, replacing the separate Film Tax Relief, High-End TV Tax Relief, Animation Tax Relief, and Children's TV Tax Relief for new productions. Since 1 April 2025, qualifying independent films with budgets up to £15 million can opt in to an enhanced rate — the Independent Film Tax Credit (IFTC) — worth 53% rather than the standard 34%.
Welsh Government (Business Wales)
A discretionary Welsh Government grant of up to £2,000 for people aged 25 or over who are economically inactive or unemployed and face recognised barriers to starting a business or entering employment, covering revenue (day-to-day running) costs of getting a new business off the ground. Delivered through Business Wales alongside advice and guidance for the applicant's start-up plan.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
A tax-free lump sum followed by up to 18 further monthly payments for people whose husband, wife, or civil partner has died, replacing the older Widowed Parent's Allowance, Bereavement Allowance and Bereavement Payment. Paid regardless of your own income or savings, based on your late partner's National Insurance record.
HM Revenue & Customs
Adds an extra £3,250 tax-free (2026/27) on top of your standard Personal Allowance if you're registered blind or severely sight impaired. Registration routes differ slightly by nation — England and Wales use blind or severely sight impaired registration, while Scotland and Northern Ireland run their own separate registration processes — but the allowance itself is claimed the same way, by telling HMRC directly.
Local councils (England, Scotland, Wales); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland)
UK-wide disabled parking permit scheme letting badge holders park closer to their destination, including in restricted on-street bays and some pay-and-display bays for free. Not a cash payment, but a real, practical, and widely-used entitlement.
Ofgem (on behalf of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero)
Covers £7,500 of the cost of swapping a fossil fuel boiler for a low-carbon alternative — an air source heat pump, ground source heat pump, or, in limited cases, a biomass boiler — in England and Wales. Available to domestic properties and some small non-domestic ones with an existing fossil fuel heating system; your installer applies for the grant on your behalf as part of the quote.
HM Revenue & Customs
Tax relief for employees who have to buy more substantial or expensive equipment for their job than the 'small tools' covered by the flat-rate uniform/tools expense — claimed as a capital allowance on the cost rather than a flat rate.
HM Revenue & Customs
The amount of profit you can make from selling assets like shares or property each year before Capital Gains Tax is due — currently £3,000 for individuals and £1,500 for most trusts. Like the Dividend Allowance, this has shrunk considerably in recent years, down from £12,300 in 2022/23, so gains that would once have been tax-free may now trigger a bill.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
The main benefit for unpaid carers in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who spend at least 35 hours a week caring for someone receiving a qualifying disability benefit such as PIP, DLA, or Attendance Allowance. Pays £86.45 a week (2026/27 rate) provided your own net earnings stay under the weekly threshold — going even £1 over loses the whole week's award. Receiving it can reduce the disabled person's own means-tested benefits via the 'severe disability premium', so it's worth checking that interaction before claiming.
HM Revenue & Customs / Department for Work and Pensions
A National Insurance credit (not a cash payment) for carers who provide 20+ hours/week of care but don't qualify for, or don't want to claim, Carer's Allowance — protects your State Pension record from gaps caused by caring.
Carmarthenshire County Council
Business premises development grant from Carmarthenshire County Council, funding new and existing commercial premises where jobs are being created as a result, with priority given to applications delivering tangible local-economy benefits in key sectors. RE-VERIFICATION (20 Aug 2026): the officialUrl now serves a renamed 'Carmarthenshire Enterprise Fund (CEF)' page (updated 20 Jan 2026) rather than the previously-recorded 'Carmarthenshire Rural Enterprise Fund (CREF)' — the council's own funding index no longer lists a separate CREF, and the rural/sole-trader framing and tiered percentage-by-business-size structure are gone. Title, amount, and eligibility fields below updated to match the current live scheme; slug kept unchanged to avoid breaking existing links.
Department for Work and Pensions
Pays £25 automatically for every 7-day spell of very cold weather recorded in your area, for people in England and Wales already receiving certain means-tested benefits. No application is needed — it's triggered and paid automatically once a qualifying cold spell is confirmed. Scotland replaced this with a fixed annual Winter Heating Payment instead (see the separate entry).
Local councils (England, Scotland, Wales)
Reduces a household's Council Tax to the rate of the next band down where the property has been adapted or has extra space to meet the needs of a disabled resident (adult or child), so disabled people don't pay more Council Tax for needing a larger home.
Local councils (Wales), under a national scheme set by the Welsh Government
A means-tested reduction — up to 100% — in a household's Council Tax bill for people on a low income, run under a single national scheme set by the Welsh Government and applied consistently across all Welsh councils (unlike England, where each council runs its own version). Supports over 256,000 low-income households across Wales and is uprated periodically to reflect cost-of-living changes.
Local councils (England, Scotland, Wales)
A simple, nationwide 25% discount on Council Tax for anyone who is the only adult (18+) living in their home as their main residence, or who lives with other adults who all count as 'disregarded' (e.g. full-time students). Extremely commonly missed — for example when a partner moves out, an adult child leaves home, or a household member dies and the remaining resident doesn't proactively notify the council that they're now living alone.
Development Bank of Wales
Confirmed August 2026: still active and recently expanded — Welsh Government added £270 million in January 2026, taking the fund to £500 million total and extending its investment horizon to 2030. Provides Welsh businesses with loan and equity finance ranging from £25,000 up to £10 million, spanning everything from start-up funding through to expansion-stage investment. Included in this directory as a genuinely prominent source of Welsh business funding, even though — unlike most other listings here — it's repayable finance rather than a non-repayable grant, so it needs to be paid back (or, for equity, involves giving up a stake in the business).
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
Tax-free benefit for children under 16 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who need more looking after or have more difficulty getting around than a child of the same age without a disability or long-term health condition. Claimed by a parent or guardian on the child's behalf.
Student Finance England / SLC (England); Student Awards Agency Scotland — SAAS (Scotland); Student Finance Wales (Wales); Student Finance NI (Northern Ireland)
Extra, non-repayable funding on top of standard student finance for students with a disability, long-term health condition, mental health condition, or specific learning difficulty (e.g. dyslexia, ADHD) that affects their ability to study. Covers specialist equipment (e.g. a computer needed because of the disability), non-medical helpers (note-takers, British Sign Language interpreters, study-skills tutors), extra travel costs where public transport isn't accessible, and other disability-related study costs — but not costs a student would have anyway regardless of their course. The same DSA name and mechanism operates across all four UK nations, but is administered separately with different rate caps by each nation's student finance body.
Welsh Government
Wales' national statutory crisis and hardship scheme, equivalent to England's Crisis and Resilience Fund and Scotland's Scottish Welfare Fund. Emergency Assistance Payments cover food, gas, electricity, clothing, and travel in extreme hardship; Individual Assistance Payments provide white goods or furniture for people resettling.
Local councils (Scotland and Wales); Northern Ireland Housing Executive (Northern Ireland)
Extra, discretionary help towards housing costs for renters already getting Housing Benefit or the Universal Credit housing element — used for shortfalls caused by the bedroom tax or benefit cap, for rent that exceeds the Local Housing Allowance, and for one-off costs like a tenancy deposit, rent in advance, or removal expenses. There is no fixed amount: each award is judged case by case against your circumstances and the administering body's budget, and payments are usually time-limited. In England the statutory scheme was abolished on 1 April 2026 and absorbed into the Crisis and Resilience Fund's Housing Payment strand, so English applicants should look for that instead (often still signposted locally under the old DHP name).
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets you receive £500 of dividend income tax-free each year before dividend tax starts to apply — useful if you hold shares directly or run a limited company and pay yourself via dividends. This allowance has been cut sharply in recent years, down from £2,000 and even £5,000 in earlier years, so it's worth less than it used to be.
Student Finance Wales, within a national scheme set by the Welsh Government
Wales's equivalent of England's 16-19 Bursary Fund — a weekly payment of £40 for 16-18 year-olds from lower-income households in further education, higher than both Scotland's and Northern Ireland's EMA rate. Intended to help with the everyday costs of staying in education, such as travel, meals, and course materials.
HM Revenue & Customs
Cuts up to £10,500 a year off an eligible small employer's Class 1 National Insurance bill, claimed automatically through payroll software rather than as a separate application. The allowance was increased from £5,000 in April 2025, and the previous £100,000 prior-year employer NI eligibility cap that shut out slightly larger employers was removed at the same time.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
Contribution-based benefit for people whose illness or disability limits their capability for work, paid regardless of savings or a partner's income (unlike the now-closed income-related ESA). Can be claimed alongside Universal Credit.
HM Revenue & Customs
The bigger sibling to SEIS — offers individual investors 30% Income Tax relief on investments in qualifying higher-risk UK small and medium-sized companies, up to £1 million a year (or £2 million for knowledge-intensive companies), plus the ability to defer Capital Gains Tax on other gains by reinvesting them through EIS.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets qualifying SMEs — companies with gross assets under £30 million carrying out a qualifying trade — grant tax-advantaged share options worth up to £250,000 per employee (with a £3 million company-wide limit) as a way of rewarding and retaining key staff. When the options are exercised, Capital Gains Tax on the gain can be as low as 10% via Business Asset Disposal Relief, rather than standard CGT rates.
Family Fund (registered charity, grant-funded by the UK, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland governments)
The UK's largest grant-making charity for families on a low income raising a disabled or seriously ill child or young person (up to age 24) — grants cover items like essential equipment, furniture, sensory/play equipment, technology, clothing, and family breaks.
HM Revenue & Customs
Permanent 100% first-year Corporation Tax capital allowance letting companies deduct the full cost of qualifying new plant and machinery from taxable profits in the year of purchase, rather than spreading relief over several years. Successor to the temporary 130% 'super-deduction' that ran April 2021–March 2023.
Department for Work and Pensions (Social Fund) / Department for Communities (Northern Ireland)
Help from the Social Fund towards the cost of arranging a funeral in England and Wales, for people on a low income who are responsible for a funeral and receive a qualifying benefit. Pays in full any burial fees for a particular plot or cremation fees (including the doctor's certificate), plus up to £1,000 towards other costs such as the funeral director's fees, coffin, or flowers — reduced to £120 towards other costs if the deceased had a pre-paid funeral plan that already covers some items. Administered by the Department for Communities under the same qualifying benefits, rates and structure in Northern Ireland — not a devolved replacement, just a different claim-handling body. Scotland has no Funeral Expenses Payment; Scottish residents instead apply for the structurally different Funeral Support Payment — see the separate entry.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets a charity reclaim an extra 25p for every £1 you donate, at no extra cost to you, simply by you signing a Gift Aid declaration. If you're a higher or additional rate taxpayer, you can also personally claim back the difference between basic rate and your own tax rate via Self Assessment — a saving basic rate taxpayers don't get, since the charity already reclaims the basic rate portion.
NHS Business Services Authority
Prepaid NHS card scheme helping low-income pregnant women and families with children under 4 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland buy healthy food (milk, fruit, vegetables, pulses, infant formula) and free vitamins.
Welsh Government
A shared equity loan of up to 20% of the purchase price towards a new-build home in Wales costing no more than £300,000, bought from a builder registered with the scheme. You need a 5% cash deposit and a repayment mortgage, and between them the mortgage and deposit must cover at least 80% of the price. The scheme had been due to close to new applications on 30 September 2026, but the Welsh Government extended it in July 2026: applications now have to be submitted by 31 March 2027, with around 400 further households expected to be helped.
Department for Business and Trade
A government-subsidised leadership and management course for small business owners and senior managers, delivered through accredited business schools. The government covers around 90% of the course cost, leaving businesses that have been trading for at least a year to pay a fixed £750 contribution.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
Tax-free weekly payment for people disabled because of an accident at work or a disease caused or made worse by their job, regardless of who was at fault. Scaled by assessed percentage disablement.
Innovate UK (UKRI)
Corrected August 2026: this is not purely in-kind support — current Innovate UK Business Connect guidance describes total project costs of up to £100,000 over a maximum 6-month project, funded via Minimal Financial Assistance or a match-funded grant (combining company and research-partner costs), following a two-stage Expression of Interest → brokerage → Stage 2 proposal process. Gives businesses access to technical expertise and analytical facilities at UK public research institutions to help solve a specific innovation or R&D challenge — useful if your project needs specialist testing, characterisation, or analytical capability that would otherwise be too expensive to access alone.
Innovate UK (UKRI)
Status refresh (August 2026): Innovate UK's own Smart Grants guidance confirms the programme has been paused since January 2025 'to develop tailored support', with a pilot originally expected in spring 2025 — as of this pass there is no confirmed relaunch date, and secondary reporting on a 2026 reopening is conflicting. While live, it backed ambitious, genuinely disruptive R&D projects rather than incremental improvements — any UK-registered business, of any size and in any sector, could lead an application alone or with partners, typically via a feasibility stream (roughly £25,000–£100,000) or a full industrial research/experimental development stream (up to £500,000 for a single applicant, up to £2 million for a collaborative project).
Innovate UK (UKRI)
Updated August 2026: the award value has risen to £75,000 (previously £50,000). An annual competition for women leading a UK-registered business with a genuinely innovative idea, offering £75,000 in grant funding alongside 12 months of bespoke leadership and business support (training, networking, mentoring) rather than cash alone. Designed to address the funding gap women-led innovation businesses often face in accessing early-stage capital; the 2025/26 round required the project to align with advanced manufacturing, digital and technologies, or life sciences.
HM Revenue & Customs
Enhanced Corporation Tax deduction — 150% of qualifying costs — for companies that clean up land or buildings acquired from a third party in a contaminated or long-term derelict state, to encourage brownfield redevelopment over greenfield sites. A 'polluter pays' rule means a company can't claim for contamination it caused itself. Loss-making companies can instead surrender the loss for a cash payable credit worth 16% of the qualifying loss; claim via your Corporation Tax return (CT600) for the period the remediation costs are incurred.
HM Treasury / HM Revenue & Customs (accounts held with ISA providers)
A savings account for a first home or for later life that pays a 25% government bonus on whatever you put in — up to £4,000 a year, so up to £1,000 a year of free money, paid monthly rather than at the end. You have to open it before you turn 40 and can keep paying in (and earning the bonus) until you're 50. Used for a first home, the property has to cost £450,000 or less; otherwise the money is locked until you're 60, because taking it out for any other reason costs a 25% withdrawal charge that claws back more than the bonus added. HM Treasury consulted during 2026 on replacing it with a simpler First Time Buyer ISA (bonus paid as a lump sum at purchase, no withdrawal charge, no retirement use) — no launch date has been published, and the consultation confirms LISAs can still be opened and paid into under existing rules until then.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets a lower-earning spouse or civil partner transfer up to £1,260 of their unused Personal Allowance to a partner who's a basic rate taxpayer, worth up to £252 a year off the couple's combined tax bill. You need to be married or in a civil partnership, with one of you earning below the Personal Allowance — and if you've missed out in previous years, you can backdate a claim up to 4 tax years.
HM Revenue & Customs
A distinct, much older allowance from Marriage Allowance, this reduces the tax bill for married couples or civil partners by between £436 and £1,127 a year (2026/27), depending on income. It's only available where at least one partner was born before 6 April 1935 — an increasingly narrow, very elderly group of claimants (at least one partner must now be 91 or over) — so most couples should look at Marriage Allowance instead.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
A state-paid weekly benefit for pregnant women/people who don't qualify for Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) — typically because they're self-employed, recently stopped working, or haven't been with their current employer long enough. Pays up to £194.32 a week (2026/27) or 90% of average weekly earnings, whichever is less, for up to 39 weeks. Administered by the Department for Work and Pensions in England, Scotland and Wales, and by the Department for Communities in Northern Ireland under the same rules, rates and MA1 claim form — not a devolved replacement, just a different claim-handling body. Unlike SMP, Maternity Allowance is tax-free, but it does count as income for means-tested benefits such as Universal Credit, Council Tax Reduction and Housing Benefit.
HM Revenue & Customs
Tax relief for employees who use their own car, van, motorcycle, or bike for business travel and are reimbursed less than HMRC's approved mileage rate (or not reimbursed at all). The self-employed can use the same pence-per-mile rates via 'simplified expenses' as an alternative to claiming actual vehicle running costs.
Motability Operations (charity-overseen, using the mobility component of a qualifying DWP/Social Security Scotland benefit)
Lets recipients of the enhanced/higher mobility rate of a qualifying disability benefit exchange that payment for the lease of an accessible car, scooter, or powered wheelchair — insurance, breakdown cover, servicing, maintenance, and tyres are typically included in the lease.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives charitable museums, galleries, and their subsidiaries a Corporation Tax expenditure credit worth 45% of qualifying costs for touring exhibitions, or 40% for non-touring ones. It's restricted to charitable companies, wholly-owned subsidiaries of a charity, or companies owned by a local authority that runs a museum or gallery — it's not available to commercial exhibition organisers.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
A contribution-based fortnightly payment for people who are unemployed or working under 16 hours/week and actively looking for work, paid regardless of savings or a partner's income — unlike the now-closed income-based JSA. Can be claimed alongside Universal Credit if you also qualify for that.
NHS Business Services Authority (England, Scotland, Wales); Business Services Organisation (Northern Ireland)
Help with NHS health costs — prescriptions, dental treatment, glasses/contact lenses, wigs and fabric supports, and travel to NHS appointments — for people on a low income who don't already qualify for automatic help via another benefit. The scheme works the same way (an HC1 application leading to an HC2 certificate for full help, or an HC3 for partial help) across all four nations, but its relevance differs sharply by nation: prescriptions are already free for everyone in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, so the scheme mainly matters for prescription costs in England — but dental treatment, optical vouchers, and NHS travel costs are charged in all four nations, so the scheme (under its local branding, e.g. HC2W in Wales) remains genuinely relevant UK-wide for those specific costs.
Welsh Government / local authorities
Wales runs its own version of business rates relief for small properties, with lower thresholds than England or Scotland — 100% relief up to a £6,000 rateable value, tapering to nothing by £12,000. Retail, hospitality, and leisure properties in Wales may also qualify for a separate, additional relief scheme on top of this one.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives a Corporation Tax expenditure credit worth 45% of qualifying costs to companies producing orchestral concerts — the same rate applies whether the concert tours or not. The concert needs to involve a minimum number of instruments and performers as defined by HMRC, and can't be primarily a recording session rather than a live performance.
HM Revenue & Customs
Cuts the effective Corporation Tax rate to 10% on profits earned from patented inventions and certain other qualifying intellectual property, well below the standard rate. To qualify, your company needs to own or hold an exclusive licence for the qualifying patents and to have carried out genuine development work on them, not simply bought them in.
HM Revenue & Customs
Scheme letting employees donate to charity straight from their gross pay, before Income Tax is deducted, via their employer's payroll — giving automatic tax relief at their marginal rate with nothing to claim back separately.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
The most commonly-cited underclaimed benefit in the UK — tops up the weekly income of people over State Pension age who are on a low income, even if they have savings, a small pension, or own their home. Guarantee Credit brings weekly income up to a minimum level, while Savings Credit (only for those who reached State Pension age before 6 April 2016) rewards modest retirement savings. Critically, it also acts as a 'gateway' benefit: claiming even a small amount of Pension Credit can unlock a free TV licence (over-75s), help with NHS dental/glasses/travel costs, a Council Tax Reduction, Cold Weather Payments, and Winter Fuel Payment eligibility under the post-2025 means-testing rules — several of which are covered as separate entries in this directory.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
The main disability benefit for working-age people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, paid to help with the extra costs of a long-term physical or mental health condition or disability — split into a daily living component and a mobility component.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets you earn interest on savings tax-free before Income Tax kicks in, with the amount depending on which tax band you're in: £1,000 for basic rate taxpayers, £500 for higher rate taxpayers, and nothing at all for additional rate taxpayers. It's applied automatically by HMRC through your tax code or Self Assessment, so there's no separate claim to make.
HM Revenue & Customs
Tax relief on professional membership fees or annual subscriptions you personally pay to an HMRC-approved professional body or learned society on HMRC's 'List 3', where membership is relevant to your job. Relief is given at your marginal Income Tax rate — a basic-rate taxpayer effectively saves 20% of the cost, a higher-rate taxpayer 40% — with no fixed cap, though lifetime membership fees don't qualify and the fee must be paid by you rather than reimbursed by your employer. Claim online via the gov.uk P87 service, through Self Assessment, or by post.
HM Revenue & Customs
Covers the first £1,000 a year of property income tax-free — useful for smaller-scale letting like renting out a driveway, garage, or a patch of land, rather than a full tenancy. It can't be combined with claiming your actual expenses on the same income, and can't be used alongside the Rent a Room Scheme for the same property.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives companies carrying out qualifying R&D a 20% taxable credit against their spend, claimed through their Corporation Tax return. This merged scheme replaced the previously separate SME R&D relief and RDEC schemes for accounting periods starting on or after 1 April 2024, folding what used to be two different routes into one.
HM Revenue & Customs
A more generous alternative to the merged R&D scheme, aimed specifically at loss-making SMEs whose R&D spending is intensive — qualifying R&D expenditure needs to make up at least 30% of total spending. In exchange, it offers a higher payable credit, worth up to 27p per £1 of qualifying spend, on top of an additional deduction.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets you earn up to £7,500 a year tax-free from letting out furnished accommodation in your own home — for example a spare room to a lodger. If someone else also receives income from letting the same property (a partner, for instance), the allowance is halved to £3,750 each rather than doubled.
HM Revenue & Customs
Encourages individuals to back genuinely early-stage, high-risk UK start-ups by offering 50% Income Tax relief on investments up to £200,000 a year, plus a Capital Gains Tax exemption on any gains. The relief applies to the investor rather than the company, but the company being invested in has to meet its own conditions — broadly, gross assets under £350,000 and less than 3 years old.
Welsh Government (Business Wales / SMART Cymru)
A discretionary Welsh Government programme (successor branding to the long-running SMARTCymru scheme) funding research, development and innovation projects for organisations of all sizes across Wales — from micro businesses to large companies, plus social enterprises and knowledge-based institutions — as part of a wider £20 million-plus Welsh Government innovation investment. Support includes expert guidance to develop an Innovation Plan alongside project funding.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
A regular payment from the government once you reach State Pension age, based on your National Insurance record rather than your income or savings. Most people now get the 'new State Pension' (anyone reaching State Pension age on or after 6 April 2016); people who reached State Pension age before that date remain on the older 'basic State Pension' system, often topped up by Additional State Pension/SERPS or Pension Credit.
HM Revenue & Customs
Capital allowance letting businesses write off the cost of constructing, renovating, or converting non-residential structures and buildings at a flat 3% a year, spreading the full deduction over 33⅓ years rather than claiming it all at once. An enhanced 10% rate (a 10-year write-off) applies to qualifying expenditure in Freeport and Investment Zone tax sites. Available to businesses paying Income Tax or Corporation Tax on construction contracts entered into on or after 29 October 2018, but doesn't cover land cost or residential/dwelling use.
HM Revenue & Customs
Tax-free (and tax-relievable, if unreimbursed) benchmark scale rates for meals bought by mobile or travelling employees while away from their normal workplace on a qualifying business journey, claimable without keeping receipts. Site-based workers without a permanent workplace (e.g. construction workers, lorry drivers) may qualify more routinely since most of their travel counts as business travel.
Department for Work and Pensions
Help with the interest on your mortgage or a home-improvement loan if you're on a qualifying benefit — paid as a loan secured on your home rather than as a benefit, so it's repaid with interest when you sell or transfer ownership. Interest is calculated at a set rate (currently 3.66%) on up to £200,000 of your outstanding loan, or £100,000 if you get Pension Credit; at that rate £200,000 of mortgage produces around £610 a month paid directly to your lender. Waiting periods differ sharply by benefit: Pension Credit claimants can be helped straight away, Universal Credit claimants after 3 months in a row, and income-based ESA claimants after 39 weeks.
Welsh Government / Rural Payments Wales
Wales' primary farm support scheme, replacing the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) as the main source of Welsh farm funding, which launched on 1 January 2026. Structured in three layers: the Universal Layer (mandatory for participants, 12 actions covering soil health, pest management, hedgerow/woodland management, animal health and welfare, and more — intended to fund at the same overall level as BPS for 2026) is the layer currently live; the voluntary Optional Layer (14 themed groups of targeted actions) and Collaborative Layer (landscape-scale coordinated action) are being phased in later in 2026 and into 2027, with their detailed payment rates published alongside each layer's application process. BPS itself continues on a tapering basis through 2029 for anyone not yet fully transitioned onto SFS, and SFS eligibility does not depend on retaining BPS entitlements.
HM Revenue & Customs (Childcare Choices)
HMRC tops up money you pay into a dedicated childcare account by £2 for every £8 you put in, worth up to £2,000 a year per child (or £4,000 if your child is disabled). Each parent needs to be earning at least the National Living Wage for around 16 hours a week, but under £100,000 a year — it's a separate scheme from the 30 Hours Free Childcare entitlement and can be used alongside it.
Carmarthenshire County Council
Capital regeneration programme from Carmarthenshire County Council targeting ten smaller towns — Cross Hands, Cwmaman, Kidwelly, Laugharne, Llandeilo, Llandovery, Llanybydder, Newcastle Emlyn, St Clears, and Whitland — with three funding strands: a Capital Development Fund for vacant premises, an Event Fund for community groups, and a Town Centre Spaces Fund for public realm projects.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives theatre production companies a Corporation Tax expenditure credit worth 45% of qualifying costs for touring productions, or 40% for non-touring ones. The production has to meet EEA expenditure and cultural conditions and your company must be responsible for producing, running, and closing it — productions that are mainly promotional, competitive, or commercial (like advertising or sporting events) don't qualify.
HM Revenue & Customs
Covers the first £1,000 a year of trading, casual, or miscellaneous income tax-free, and if you stay under that you don't even need to register for Self Assessment for that income. You can't combine it with claiming your actual expenses against the same income, though — it's one or the other, so it suits people with very low costs more than those with significant outgoings.
HM Revenue & Customs
HMRC-clarified rule (updated 2024) letting self-employed people deduct the cost of training that updates existing skills/knowledge or adds new skills/knowledge relevant to their existing trade as a business expense — reversing HMRC's older, stricter position that 'new skills' training was non-deductible capital expenditure.
Department for Education (delivered by British Council/Ecorys)
Updated August 2026: living cost grant rates have risen since this entry was first written — now £480–£690/month depending on destination group and placement length (was £335–£490), plus a higher rate for disadvantaged students on higher-education placements, and a separate travel grant (£165–£1,360 depending on country) for students from households earning £43,000 or under on eligible short-term programmes. Funds international study and work placements for students, school pupils, and adult learners, replacing the EU's Erasmus+ programme for UK participants since Brexit — placements run 14–365 days between 1 September and 31 August. You can't apply as an individual; it's done through your school, college, university, or employer's own Turing Scheme application.
HM Revenue & Customs
The 'uniform tax rebate' — a flat-rate tax deduction for employees who personally pay to clean, repair, or replace a uniform, protective clothing, or small tools needed for their job, claimable without keeping receipts. The exact amount depends on your occupation/industry.
Department for Work and Pensions (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland)
The main means-tested benefit for working-age people on a low income, whether in or out of work, paid as a single monthly payment (fortnightly by default in Northern Ireland; Scottish claimants can opt into fortnightly payments and direct-to-landlord housing payments) made up of a standard allowance plus extra elements for children, housing costs, caring responsibilities, or limited capability for work. Replaced six legacy benefits — Income Support, income-based Jobseeker's Allowance, income-related Employment and Support Allowance, Housing Benefit, Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit — for new claims; DWP's final managed-migration deadline has now passed, with Income Support and income-based JSA fully closed since 1 April 2026 and most remaining income-related ESA and working-age Housing Benefit claims closed by 30 June 2026 (a few exceptions remain, e.g. supported/temporary accommodation).
HM Revenue & Customs
Optional simplified VAT accounting scheme for small businesses: instead of reclaiming VAT on every purchase, you pay a fixed percentage of VAT-inclusive turnover to HMRC, reducing admin burden and, for some low-cost-input businesses, the net VAT paid.
HM Revenue & Customs
Businesses with taxable turnover below the VAT registration threshold do not have to register for or charge VAT — a simplicity and, for consumer-facing businesses, potential pricing advantage for small businesses.
HM Revenue & Customs
Zero-rates VAT (a 20% saving) on goods and services designed or adapted for a disabled person's personal or domestic use — e.g. wheelchairs, mobility scooters, hearing aids, adjustable beds, home adaptations like stairlifts/ramps/grab rails, and the installation/repair/maintenance of qualifying goods.
HM Revenue & Customs
Lets an employer pay 0% National Insurance on a qualifying veteran's earnings, up to the Upper Secondary Threshold, for their first 12 months of civilian employment — a direct cost saving designed to encourage hiring ex-forces personnel. The veteran needs to have completed at least one day of basic training in the UK regular armed forces, and this must be their first civilian job since leaving; the relief can even be claimed retrospectively through payroll.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives video games studios a 34% expenditure credit on qualifying UK development costs, claimed through the Corporation Tax return alongside a British Film Institute cultural test certificate confirming the game counts as culturally British. It replaced the older Video Games Tax Relief for new productions from 1 April 2025, following the same shift to expenditure credits seen across the other creative industry reliefs.
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero / energy suppliers
Takes £150 off the electricity bill of eligible low-income households each winter, applied as a one-off annual credit. Most recipients qualify automatically through means-tested benefits data-matching, but there's also a separate disability-related route (for example via PIP, DLA, or Attendance Allowance) alongside the main low-income criteria — some suppliers still require you to apply, so it's worth checking with yours each winter.
Department for Work and Pensions
Updated August 2026: eligibility is now age-based rather than means-tested via Pension Credit — you qualify if born on or before 27 June 1960 and living in England or Wales during the qualifying week (21–27 September 2026). The amount is £200 or £300 depending on age, but anyone with individual taxable income over £35,000/year has the equivalent amount recovered afterwards by HMRC (via tax code or Self Assessment) rather than being refused the payment upfront. Most pensioners are still paid automatically; some need to make a claim.
HM Revenue & Customs
Gives employees £6 a week (£312 a year) in tax relief without needing to keep receipts, but only if your employer actually requires you to work from home — simply being allowed to or choosing to isn't enough. The rules tightened after the pandemic, so it's worth double-checking you meet the stricter current criteria before claiming.
Welsh Government (Big Ideas Wales / Business Wales)
A Welsh Government grant of up to £2,000 to help young people living in or returning to Wales become self-employed, delivered alongside a wider Big Ideas Wales support package of one-to-one advice and webinars on business planning. Aimed at those not currently in full-time work or education who can show a realistic business idea capable of becoming their main source of income.